Inspirational Speech - 1567 Words

I am a part of NGO which is running a cause for people with disabilities. An inspirational speech for the disabled people to motivate them to become successful. Target Audience: Persons with disabilities except for deaf dumb people. Hello Friends, How are you? Doing great? good well, I would begin asking you one question What do you think of yourself? Do you think that you people are waste.. u r the extra baggage which this earth is carrying the society sees towards you with sympathy and nothing else. If your answers to these questions are yes†¦. Then I will prove you wrong And if the answers are ‘no’ then you are on right track and I will aid you Look how I am sure that ur thinking will change once I give you examples of†¦show more content†¦list of famous people who are considered dyslexic: physicist Albert Einstein, painter Leonardo Da Vinci, Walt Disney, novelist Agatha Christie, Thomas Edison, painter sculptor Pablo Picasso, and actor Abhishek Bachchan 4. In 1928, Franklin Roosevelt was elected as the governor of New York. He then started campaigning for the presidency, and he became the 32nd president of the United States in 1932. Furthermore, by defeating Alfred Landon in 1936, Wendell L. Wilkie in 1940, and Thomas Dewey in 1944, he became the only American President to serve more than two terms. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracted a near fatal case of polio that left him with limited physical activity. He established a foundation at Warm Springs, Georgia to help other people who had polio, and he directed the March of Dimes Program that eventually funded an effective vaccine. As a result of polio, Roosevelt used a wheelchair and stood with the aid of steel leg braces. He tried numerous treatments, but was never able to walk on his own again. 5. Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, activist and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to graduate from college. The story of how Kellers teacher, Annie Sullivan, broke through theShow MoreRelatedInspirational Speech for school elections2367 Words   |  10 PagesWRIITEN TASK 1: SPEECH AFTER ELECTION VICTORY Good morning respected Principal, teachers and students. I stand here in front of you all today, being bolder and more debonair than ever before. It is because you have given me power to run and be part of this school’s engine. I stand with pride as the new School Captain of this prestigious institution. You have given me strength to be as sturdy as an oak and tell everyone with panache that it is me who the entire body feels capable enough to shoulderRead MoreSample Inspirational Speech805 Words   |  4 PagesGood evening everyone! I remember when I was in 4th year high school, I’ve practiced my declamation speech for a week, and the performance they arrived, my speech is entitled- Am I to be blamed? Here are some lines of the speech: â€Å"Theyre chasing me, theyre chasing, no they must not catch me, I have enough money now, yes enough for my starving mother and brothers. Please let me go, let me go home before you imprisoned me.† These were the few lines of my declamation piece. And these few linesRead MoreEssay on Inspirational Graduation Speech744 Words   |  3 PagesOk, its 12:15 and I just walked into my house from seeing a movie with three of my best friends and I have to write this speech. A speech that’s suppose to inspire all of you, and tell you how the future has so much to hold for the class of 2015, how the possibilities are endless. Right now I’m probably standing in the front of the class and supposed to be addressing all of you as â€Å"fellow graduates, or to the class of 15’†. But that’s not what I’m going to do. I put this off as I do with the majorityRead MoreSpeech : My Inspirational President Obama Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages My Inspirational President Obama Introduction I have never seen a person so good at giving public speeches in my entire life. That person became memorable in my life immediately after I saw/heard him speaking on television in front of a thousand people as he became the first African-American president of the United States of America. I thought this person simply cannot be an African-American, but the most honorable gentleman. He introduced himself without a fear, but with confidence andRead More Best Man Speech Funny Inspirational Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesI am going to keep this speech fairly short because of my throat, Pooja said that if I made fun of the groom too much she would cut it. Pooja, you look absolutely gorgeous†¦ radiant. I saw Salim swell with pride when he saw you today. He is truly a lucky man to have someone so attractive, intelligent, warm and caring. A wife who will be all he could ever wish for, and more. And my little brother†¦well well†¦ you’ve finally done it†¦ after 30 years of endless soulsearching†¦ you’ve finally takenRead More Martin Luther King Juniors Inspirational Speech, I’ve Been to the Mountaintop784 Words   |  3 Pages Can you imagine being in Martin Luther King Junior’s position in a hall or church somewhere speaking to people with the hope of challenging and inspiring them? I’ve Been to the Mountaintop is a speech made by Martin Luther King’s Junior or 3rd April 1968. It is a speech that presented a long term mission for the City of Memphis. It was a time when African Americans struggled with racial prejudices. There were inequalities whereby the African-Americans were forced to live separately from the whitesRead MoreSteve Jobs: A Most Influential and Inspirational Man Essay619 Words   |  3 Pageshis most well-known speech and one of my favorites that I saw on YouTube is his 2005 Stanford Commencement Address. Here, he shared his passion through retelling his remarkable past. His message was to follow your heart even if others think you are foolish. Jobs added that it is critical to find your love in life. Finally, he thinks that one should live their own life since lif e is too short to live how others want you to. One of the ways this speech was inspirational was through personalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Lucas s The Art Of Public Speaking936 Words   |  4 Pagesto inform her coworkers. Chapter 15 is about speaking to inform an audience. Lucas begins this chapter with the types of informative speeches and some analysis and organization skills for each topic. There are many ways to classify an informative speech, Lucas breaks it down into four main topics: objects, processes, events, and concepts. Lucas begins this chapter by speaking on speeches about objects. Lucas defines an object as â€Å"Objects include anything that is visible, tangible, and stable to formRead MorePhraseology: Language and Success in Life Essay2291 Words   |  10 Pageswith co-workers a person should be mindful of diversity, cultural backgrounds, sexual orientations, marriage statuses and age groups. (Kunz) I learned quickly what actions would be tolerated and which ones would not be. I found that over t ime my speech changed with my experience. At my first employer I spoke to individuals as equals. Usually speaking to someone as an equal gains respect, but considering my age, the more tenure employees viewed me as arrogant. I had to change the way I spoke toRead MoreThe Speech Of Steve Jobs1050 Words   |  5 PagesSpeeches come in all shapes and sizes, some fantastic, some horrible, some motivational and some inspirational. The one detail I can tell you there is always a few that will linger and stick around in your head. These speeches go through history as being remembered and studied for decades. A few that come to mind happen to be â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King, â€Å"Never give up†¦Don’t ever give up,† by Jimmy Valvano and â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love,† by Steve Jobs. Each and every one of

The Civil War an Inevitable Conflict Free Essays

The bloodiest time in history for America was during The American Civil War; a time when Americans fought against themselves for their own rights in which they believed they were entitled to. To many it would be considered shocking and absurd to say the Civil War was something that could have avoided – and they’re right. The Civil War was an unavoidable and ultimately inevitable conflict that was essential to the evolution of our nation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil War: an Inevitable Conflict or any similar topic only for you Order Now The differences between the North and the South, economically and politically, were majors players on why the two divided halves of the America could not prosper together at that time; that and the fact that they had previously tried to compromise also makes the Civil War the inevitable and undeniable conclusion of this melting-pot of problems brewing between the two sides. Excellent introduction There were many differences between the antebellum North and South regions of America, and many of these were economical. The most obvious of which is that the North was, for the most part, industrial; while the South on the other hand was economically dependent of the production of staple crops (primarily cotton). The production of cotton in the South with the advent of the cotton gin soared, causing an increase of labor required; this lead to a dependency on slave labor in the south. Slavery was something the North often looked down upon and also held little or no value to them. How could a nation survive with no conflict when there were two very distinct sides that held opposing economic ideals and beliefs? In terms of politics, there were polarizing differences between the North and the South with their ideals and philosophies. Political parties at the time right before the start of the Civil War often catered to either the North or the South specifically; for example there was the Republican Party which was first organized in 1854 in opposition to Stephen Douglas’s introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska Act into Congress. The Republican Party exclusively catered to the benefits of northerners. They favored internal improvement, building transportation routes between the north and the west while relying on the southerners to foot the bill (while receiving no benefit of their own). The election of the Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was the last straw for the southerners politically. Why would they want to be part of a nation with a leader that would not fairly and accurately represent them? Excellent paragraph In spite of these differences, the North and the South tried to compromise with each other VIA a series of legislations. They tried to exhaust their other options before going to war, like diplomatically attempting to compromise; but it ultimately only succeeded in temporarily putting off the war, though not preventing it. For example they established the Kansas-Nebraska act which created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska in 1854. They included the idea of popular sovereignty into the proposal which established that settlers could vote on whether or not to allow slavery. They included this idea in hope that it would ease relations between the North and the South. Though in reality all it did was create conflict, opponents of the act denounced it as a concession to the slave power of the south. The heinous amount of American blood that was shed during the American Civil War was nothing but inevitable. The polarizing differences between the North and the South both politically and economically are what ultimately drove the two sections of the nation apart. The failure to compromise between these differences diplomatically is what led them to come to the undeniable conclusion that war was unavoidable. How to cite The Civil War: an Inevitable Conflict, Papers

Indigenous People And Australian Politics †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Indigenous People And Australian Politics? Answer: Introduction In Australia, like in many countries that comprise of indigenous and immigrants people, the United States of America and South Africa is an example, there has been policies or legislations put to limit the freedom and rights of indigenous people. In particular, Australia comprises of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the indigenous while British and other minority groups form the immigrant population. However, upon the arrival of British settlers in Australia, several policies were put in place to alienate not only the Aboriginal people but also the Strait Islander people who were indigenous. The policies appeared to be depriving them of their rights, both political and social ones. Therefore, in this essay, I intend to highlight and elaborates on some of the policies that the settlers or ruling class in Australia put in place that deprived the Aboriginal people of their rights, both political and social rights. Additionally, the essay also explains whether the indigenous people enjoy full rights as part of the larger Australian population or there still exist problems, especially on the most pertinent issues. The essay takes the position that still; important problems face the indigenous people. Social and Political rights in Australia Social rights denote the rights involving contact of one person to another, for instance, right to socializing, right to education or management. On the other hand, political rights are those that involve participation in the administration of a place or country, for instance, right to vote, or be part of the people that govern or make laws (Broome, 2002). In Australia for instance, for a long time, the settlers or immigrants forms the ruling class and have influenced the manner in which policies are made, especially those touching on social and political rights. Even though the country had established one of the most progressive constitutions in the early 1900s, it however, had and continues to pass policies and act in a manner that deprived the rights of the Aboriginal people. Therefore, the Aboriginal people were not allowed to access the best medical services, attend schools and regarded as wayward and lesser human beings. The discussion below gives some of the policies that depr ived the right of the Aboriginal people. Abuses against the Aboriginal people The Australian government is to blame for most Aboriginal people are underpaid or generally can be described as underprivileged workers. The Australian government effectively control and restrict them into reserves or in religious missions (Broome, 2010). Over the years, the Australian Federal and also state government have produced policies that encourage irrational prejudice which is cultivated over the years by a government that cultivate her citizen to discriminate against the indigenous community. To start with, the Aboriginal people were not allowed to vote on as they were not regarded us inferior citizens, even though recent amendment has granted them with voting rights, the mentality is still there. In addition to that, during the establishment of the white settlers in the country, most of their land was confiscated thus displacing them, which in effect disrupted most of their social structure (Ferdinand, Paradies, Kelaher, 2013). In addition to that, as of early 1900, the w hite settlers exposed them the Aboriginal people to degradation, starvation and disease which nearly wiped out the entire population from the Australia. In addition to that, the government developed policies that aimed at acquiring cheap labor and restricting the movement of the Aboriginal people. Firstly, the ruling white settlers of Australian who were and still are the ruling class introduced the Protection Acts (Walker, 2001). The aim of the acts was to deny the Aboriginal of their democratic rights and personal freedom so that the government can get a source of cheap labor. The Acts which the government argues was meant to protect the interest of the Aboriginal was effectively being used as a tool to segregate a huge number of the Aboriginal into white settlements and dismantling their social structure. Also, it is not until 1967, that the Aboriginal people were granted mandate to be censored as part of Australian citizens (Cunneen, 2006). In general, the white settlers government that formed the Australian government made several policies that in effect forbade the Aborigines the right to organize or control their social affair s. Also, the policies deprived them of educational and health services in addition to treating them as second class citizens. Legislations or policies that deprived the Aboriginals of their social and political rights There are several policies that the Australian introduced since the early of 1900 when that was meant to introduce a repressive system against the Aboriginal people. The repressive policies have deprived the Aboriginal people of their social and political rights, to start with, the government of Australia in 1908 introduced the Western Australian Aborigines Act. The function of the Act was to alienate the Aboriginal especially by controlling their employment. In addition to that, in 1909, the Australian Government introduced NSW Aborigines Protection Act as a result of the crises that occurred in school. This was motivated by the white community of Australian who wanted to discriminate and not associate with the Aboriginal children (Cuthbert, Quartly, 2013). The teacher that trained the Aborigines children was usually the untrained wife of the manager they worked for. This was a violation of their rights and deprivation of their social rights, both of socializing and getting education. In addition to that, from 1915 to 1918, there were amendments that were made to the act to give a board that was known as Aborigines Protection Board greater mandates to alienate or to remove the children of Aborigines from school and train them as domestic servants. The amendment successfully deprived the Aborigines of their social rights in that they were not allowed to interact with other children of the whites settlers. In addition to that, the two ame ndments made it possible for the whites to view the Aborigines children as a source of labor for them Moreover, the women of the Aborigines were discriminated and provision of maternity health care allowance, were introduced but never covered them. In 1918, the Australian government introduced the Northern Territory Aboriginal Act that aimed at segregating the Aborigines against better lifestyle. In particular, the act limited and outlawed possession or supply of either alcohol or ethylated spirit to the Aborigines. Furthermore, the act limited their act of possessing firearms. On the issue of romantic relations, the Aborigines were barred from making love across the color lines. Also, the act made it possible for them not to marry women or men from non-aborigines people (Reading, Wien, 2009). The act was a gross violation of not only the elementally social rights, but also, their political rights in the sense that they were not allowed to possess fire arms to protect themselves against any acts that posed danger to their lives. Thus, it was one way that the Australian government, or more specifically, the immigrants which comprised of majority white settlers did to successfully deprive them of their social and political right s. Lastly, other policies that have successfully deprived the political and social rights include but are not limited to the 1936 Act that allowed the Aborigines people to be taken into custody without having a proper trial and prevented them from entering certain towns without having a permit. In addition to that, in the total way of depriving the Aborigines people of their social rights, in 1937, was that of Assimilation, a policy that stipulated that the fate of the Aborigines people lied in their assimilation into the white majority whether they deemed it fit or no (Marmot, 2005). In addition to that, the assimilation policy highlighted that those not willing were to continue living in reserves and without proper education. The policy that was advocated by most white settlers, both ruling and ordinary citizens deprived the Aborigines of their social and political rights. Important problems still remain among Aborigines Despite the fact that there have been several legislations put in place to improve the living conditions of the Aborigines, still, they suffer from poor health, high rates of mortality as compared to the general Australian population and lower level of both education and unemployment (Eades, 2000). The Aborigines continue to pose high mortality rate despite the fact that access to health care is available to all the people of Australia including the Aborigines. This is a social issue that is affecting the indigenous Aborigines which need to be solved for the country to claim that it embraces fairness and equality among all people of Australia (Agius, Howitt, Jarvis, 2003). Statistics indicate that the highest number of those visiting the hospital is the indigenous people of Australia; this is reflective of how their health is pathetic as compared to the larger Australian community. Moreover, the Aborigines are among the least educated people in Australia, despite having a constitution that guarantee equal opportunity to all Australian irrespective of where they come or place (Beresford, Partington, Gower, 2012). However, the region where the Aborigines live is less developed as compared to areas dominated by white settlers. Thus, one can argue that even though the government is trying to bring equality to the people of Australia. The Aborigines continue to be suffering from the ill of the past which are present and some which are perpetuated by the modern day ruling class. Lastly, the racial segregation is still in place in Australia. The Aborigines continue to be segregated based on the color of their skin and the perceived notion that they are an inferior race. The whites or immigrant of Australia who form the largest percentage of the ruling class in Australia still perceive the Aborigines as inferior race and one that is less advanced as the whites. Therefore, it in effect affects their representation in senior position in government (Thorburn, 2013). Thus, the people continue to suffer racial segregation, and do not have full right in regard to social and political rights Accounting . Conclusion The Aborigines, for a long time, have been deprived of their social and political rights. The white immigrant of Australia has made this possible through the introduction of policies aimed at not only segregating the Aborigines but also denying them some of their social and political rights like voting, good education and respect of their culture and, way of life. Some of the policies put in place to achieve were that of 1908 aimed at controlling their employment, which is the Western Australian Aborigines Act. Also, there was the NSW Aborigines Protection Act aimed at alienating Aborigine children and Northern Territory Aboriginal Act that aimed at segregating the Aborigines against better lifestyle among other things. Even though the government of Australia has tried to bring equality through legislations, Aborigine continues to suffer from poor health, unemployment, illiteracy and racial segregation in addition to having few people in top government positions. References Broome, R. L. (2002). Aboriginal Australians, black responses to white dominance 1788-2001. Broome, R. (2010). Aboriginal Australians. A History Since 1788. Ferdinand, A., Paradies, Y., Kelaher, M. (2013). Mental health impacts of racial discrimination in Victorian Aboriginal communities. Lowitja Institute. Walker, I. (2001). The changing nature of racism: From old to new. Understanding prejudice,racism, and social conflict, 24-42. Cunneen, C. (2001). Conflict, politics and crime: Aboriginal communities and the police. Eades, S. J. (2000). Reconciliation, social equity and Indigenous health. Aboriginal and Islander Healthcare Worker Journal, 24(3), 3. Beresford, Q., Partington, G., Gower, G. (Eds.). (2012). Reform and resistance in Aboriginal education. Sussex Academic Press. Folds, R. (2001). Crossed Purposes: the Pintupi and Australia's indigenous policy. Thomas Telford. Cuthbert, D., Quartly, M. (2013). Forced child removal and the politics of national apologies in Australia. The American Indian Quarterly, 37(1), 178-202. Agius, P., Howitt, R., Jarvis, S. (2003, June). Different Visions, Different Ways: lessons and challenges from the native title negotiations in South Australia. In Native Title Conference. Thorburn, K. E. (2013). 'Indigenous governance'and Aboriginal political practice: The gulf between in two organisations in the Fitzroy Valley, West Kimberley. Marmot, M. (2005). Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet, 365(9464), 1099-1104. Reading, C. L., Wien, F. (2009). Health inequalities and the social determinants of Aborig peoples' health. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. Cunneen, C. (2006). Racism, discrimination and the over-representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system: Some conceptual and explanatory issues.

The World Without Us free essay sample

Alan Weisman The World Without Us written by Alan Weisman is an intriguing book about what the world would be like if humans influence never took place and better yet, now that humans have invaded the space of natural wilderness, how would the environment adapt if humans disappeared? What would it be like if none of the creatures in our environment had to deal with the constant demands of humans? How would the forms of life take over all the buildings and materials humans left behind? In the opening chapter, Weisman talks about the greatness and exotic life of the Bialowieza Puszca. This forest spanned parts of Europe and Weisman talks of its biodiversity due to the lack of human influence. The way that he describes this area of wildlife and wilderness, really helps the reader visualize what the world really might be like if humans didn’t destroy the habitats of many species and use their homes as land for industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Without Us or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weisman goes on talking about what our homes would look like after humans disappeared and even how major cities, such as New York City and Manhattan, would be affected. The houses and buildings would eventually break down and form habitats for animals, such as rodents, and even insects. New York City’s subway tunnels would flood which would lead to other disastrous events to deteriorate the infrastructure. Weisman suggests plant life to begin to grow in new places that would usually be prevented by human upkeep. He goes on to explain in detail of the many ways the environment would start to â€Å"grow back† to its original state; the natural wilderness before humans took over the land and destroyed it. The author, Alan Weisman, then continues on and discusses his other proposals of how humans are affecting the environment. He talks about the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in every day human life and its affect on global warming. He mentions how the discovery of paleontology proves that extinction of species could be due to the affects of human influence on their habitats. Humans are now known to be willingly killing off and hunting overpopulated animals whereas Weisman thinks it is not necessary. He suggests, â€Å"You don’t actually have to shoot the songbirds to remove them from the sky. Take away enough of their homes or sustenance, and they will fall dead on their own† (The World Without Us, page 83). Subsequently, the book continues through the idea of what would happen to the world’s greatest structures, how the pollution in the ocean would be affected, how mosquitoes would benefit greatly once the human race disappears, and how evolution may be impacted by the proposed explosion of the petroleum plants once human maintenance has ceased. Weisman also continues talking about how the impact of farm fertilization will have on the rebirth of the natural environment. Some fertilizers will level metals in the ground and take almost 100,000 years to degrade. The nitrates that some farmers use in their soil may take awhile for the soil to recover as well. He states that old architectural structures will have no significant impact because without humans to help maintain its structure, the environment, such as plants and animals, will be able to adapt to it. He talks about how the Great Wall of China will degrade and plant life will suffice. Weisman also notes that the bird population will greatly benefit if the human existence ceased. Because of all of the towers, buildings, and telephone poles that humans have placed in their way, many birds die each year. The overall last few chapters of Alan Weisman’s book, The World Without Us, explains how the human population will most likely not become extinct in some mass extinction epidemic. Moreover, if humans were to be killed off, other species would most likely be killed off as well. Alan Weisman’s intentions for this book was not to point out that humans ruined the natural beauty of the world, but to explain that humans can choice to adapt with the natural environment instead of intruding it.

The Life of Jelly Roll Morton essays

The Life of Jelly Roll Morton essays Ferdinand Joseph Jelly Roll Morton LaMenthe was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on October 20, 1890. As a child he began to learn how to play the piano at age 10 years old. He was taught by Tony Jackson, composer of songs like Pretty Boy and other hits. Tony Jackson is among the few musicians whom Morton admired and respected. He called Jackson the greatest single-handed entertainers in the world. After the death of his mother, Morton began playing in whorehouses and in the bordellos of the Storyville district of New Orleans. There he became active as a gambler, pool shark, and a lot of things that caused his grandmother to throw him out of the house as a bum and a scalawag. She did not want him around his two little sisters. As a wanderer, and during the fair of 1904, he began traveling such cities as Chicago, Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Denver playing with various musical organizations as an in demand musician but he could never stay long with one band. He couldnt stay long in one band too long because he was too eccentric and too temperamental, and he was a one-man band himself, said by bandleader George Morrison whom Morton played for in Denver. Morton really wanted to be the extreme musician. After that he toured the south in a minstrel show for about a year and a half. In a bar in St. Louis where pianist hung out, Morton had to prove his prowness by playing and reading music pieces set before him. In 1912, Morton briefly settled in Chicagos South Side where he published his first number, The Jelly Roll Blues, which was brought out by William Rossiter. He traveled with this piece as far as New York and as far west as California where he performed with the Spike Brother as well as fronting his own bands. During these years of travel, Morton apparently fused a variety of black musical idioms- ragtime, vocal and instrumental blues, items from the minstrel sh...

Bless Me Essay Example For Students

Bless Me Essay Bless me, Ultima Essay What is faith? Does everyone have faith? Is faith believing in something you havent seen but you think is true? All of these questions have an answer and in Bless me, Ultima by Rodolfo Anaya these questions are important. In fact, many people question their faith because they are confused about what they see or hear. In Bless me, Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya shows that on this world there are many types of faith one believes in. The author uses imagery, folklore, and dream sequences to convey the meaning of Bless me, Ultima. Anaya uses imagery to show how Christianity and witchcraft are two different beliefs, and they are in conflict with each other. The imagery provides a picture of Tonys conflict of Ultima dying. For example, When Tony was next to Ultima he knew she was going to die. As Ultima was dying, Her voice very weak, her eyes already glazed with death. 260 Anaya makes that imagery for us to see what Tony was seeing. Second, Anaya uses dream sequences to show that Tony has conflicts with himself about his beliefs. He questions his belief in this dream because he is afraid of what he might find out. In his dream Tony says, Everything I believe in was destroyed. A painful wrenching in my heart made me cry aloud, why God? my God, why have you forsaken me! 243 Tony cannot accept what is happening. Why do all good people have to die? In fact, Anaya uses folklore in this story to show that every language there is folklore about religions that believes in. Therefore, in this part it says The Agua Negra was the land of the Commanche Indians. Three Commanche raided the flock of one. So grandfather Tellez hanged them and left them strung on a tree. Now their souls wandered around the ranch. 227 This is one folklore from the story. Many are passed down from generation to generation. In conclusion, Anaya showed how Tony had many conflicts with himself about religion and beliefs. Any beliefs that one has are going to be different from someone elses. In Bless me, Ultima Rodolfo Anaya shows that this earth are many types of faiths. Yet, one has a freedom to choose ones path in life. Whether is to believe in a god or not.

Sound in Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sound in Films - Essay Example Through the challenge of the lack of sound films in the 1920s were able to present an artistic form of visual arts while successfully conveying the message. Comparative analysis of the present and past audience can reveal that the audience during the period of silent movies have more open mind in terms of communication. It can even be perceived that understanding was achieved by the audience through a sense of empathy and emotional acceptance. But through the said issue, it can provoke the analysis that sound is an important element. Although this is the case, the absence of sound in the silent films created made these films worth of admiration on the basis of the fact that other elements are exponentially compensated. On the other hand, in the present era sound can be considered an indispensable component of film making. To be able to present an analysis on the key concepts of sound in films, it is important to concentrate on a particular film. ... is can be attributed to the fact that the movie Sunrise belongs to the batch of films that pioneered the use of soundtrack of music and even sound effects that had been recorded. The role of the said film can be considered essential to the perfection and development of the synchronized sound in films (McCaffrey and Jacobs 8). It can be observed that the silent era presented an important capacity to create an atmosphere that can make the audience understand the message. This was done through visual instruments. Through the course of the film history, the shift on the capability to relay messages to the public is through the sound. The sound became one of the most important tools in the film that were produced from the 1920s up to the present. It terms of the production of films, it can be considered as a continuous challenge to the present batch of film makers to be able to achieve the level of classic triumph that was achieved in the early films. In Sunrise, the objective of the film was achieved through the capture of the visual sense of the viewers. In addition, it had introduced the era wherein even the sense of hearing is satisfied. Due to the said fact, the film was able to create more success in capturing the attention of the audience. Basically, the sound in the said film was only used to be able to create an atmosphere of feeling the film. This can be attributed to the fact that the said movie can still be classified as a silent film. The only difference is the background music or musical scoring. For that matter, Sunrise can be considered as a hybrid or a transitional type of film, a form that is intermediate of the silent and modern films. Analysis of the Key Components of Sound Sound as we presently conceive can be considered as one of the major

Equity and trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equity and trusts - Essay Example If Leonard and Nancy demonstrate to the court that they took all the necessary precautions consistent with the actions of an ordinary prudent man when exercising the trust fund, then their breaches will be discharged as exemplified in Speight v Gaunt (Kurt, Peter, Donald and Cecily 2011, p. 202-2012). In this case scenario, it is unlikely that an ordinary person with skills like those of Leonard would have managed the trust in the way he did by proposing the selling of some shares and retain the case. Section 3 (1) of the Trustee Act 2000 provides that trustee make investment decisions which he would have himself done if he was entitled absolutely to the trust assets of the trust. We could therefore say that Leonard would have made the same decisions had he been absolutely entitled to his trust assets and thus his suggestion can be considered to be reasonable. Despite this, his decision does not satisfy the set out standards like shown in the case of Cowan v Scargill where it was asc ertained that any decisions made should be wholly to the benefit of the beneficiaries and not the trustees (Sameera and Jill 2009, p. 202-210) And since this not the case in the study, then we can postulate that a breach of trust is evident. As for the case of Nancy, by the virtue of being a trustee under the trust, she will be also liable for the breaches of Leonard if it can be proved that he acted in a careless manner. From the demonstrations in case of Re Vickey, it was ascertained that a trustee can be found liable for recklessness if it is proved he did not give much regard as whether his act or omission amounted to a breach of trust. Since Nancy omitted in her duties by not raising objections to Leonard’s suggestions, we can say that he is careless and therefore he may be found to have breached his fiduciary duties. Additionally, just like it has been expressed by Abbas and Clements, the trustee is personally obliged to run the trust with part of the duty being to keen ly observe what other trustees are doing and raise objections if something wrong is being done (Antony 1999). Therefore, since Nancy did nothing to ensure that Leonard was exercising the instruments of trust as required, she is thus liable to a breach of trust. Consequently, as spelt out in Bahin v Hughes, there are sufficient reasons not to allow a trustee to escape liability by placing blame on another trustee or other trustees for anything that goes wrong (Bruce, Florin 2009). Nevertheless, if it can be approved that there was an exemption clause to that regard freeing her from the liability, then she shall not be in breach. Therefore, since in this case the trust instrument contains the clause, Nancy cannot be held liable for the breach of trust and should therefore not be sued. The beneficiaries are in a position to seek proprietary claim from Orlando’s property as it falls in the awarding against a specific asset which in this case is the swimming pool. Orlando clearly still is in possession of the swimming pool and thus the beneficiary can clearly assert proprietary claim to the swimming pool. We cannot determine if Orlando had the knowledge that the money she received from her mother was from the trust, but if Orlando had the knowledge then he clearly suffers from the liability to account to trust for value of property received, and

Future events Essay Example for Free

Future events Essay Richard here talks of a forthcoming golden era full of glory and hope. Whilst speaking in public, Richard uses this opportunity to defend him from being accused in future events. By praising the running of the country nobody would suspect him of becoming a family murderer. Again, in private Richard reveals his true feelings and again reveals to the audience future plots.  I am determined to prove a villain and hate the idle pleasures of these days. Plots I have laid, inductions dangerous. (Act 1 scene 1.Lines 30 +32) When speaking concealed away from the public, Richard provides insight into future events. Although it may appear that the war is over the royal family is about to confront another battle in the eyes of Richard. It is through what is said in private that Richard sheds light on future plots and events and to an extent he draws a relationship with the audience because of this.  The final area in which I will explore appearance and reality will be through the manipulation of religion. Richard of Gloucester is not the only character in the play to use appearance and reality as his two partners in crime prove. Catesby and Buckingham use religion as a weapon of disguising for Richards true personality and intentions. He is within, with two right reverend fathers, divinely bent to meditation .. To draw him from his holy exercise. (Act 3 scene 7.Line 60 + 61)  Buckingham endeavors to make Richard appear holy and innocent by portraying him as a devout, holy and religious man. By this point in the play we know that Richards life is not based on serving god but rather serving his own desires. His allies continue to do their utmost to mask his evil traits in front of the politicians.  This prince is not an Edward. He is not lulling on a lewd love-bed, but on his knees at meditation.(Act 3 scene 7.Line 70-71) Again, religion is manipulated to give a false identification of Richard. Their aim is to get Richard to become king and attain ruler ship thinking that they may get something in return. Buckinghams language reveals that he; Catesby and Richard are play acting.  Two props of virtue for a Christian prince .. and see a book of prayer in his hand. (Act 3 scene 7.Line 95+96)  Buckingham makes it apparent that this is a play within a play and uses the church and the word of god as a prop to make Richard look convincing on stage. Richard also does his part in covering up his true personality. I do beseech your grace to pardon me, who, earnest in the service of my god. (Line 104-105)  Richard once again stresses how devoted he is to god when really he is only devoted to getting himself raised to a godly figure in the form of king. Shakespeare reveals yet another plane to Richards ever- changing character through the manipulation of religion as we not only see a deceitful interpretator, a cold-blooded murderer but also a manipulative man. He has no regard for family, women or even god and this manifests the extent that he is willing to go to get what he wants. Shakespeare provides us with another peek into future events through the manipulation of Richard. Come, let us to our holy work again.(Act 3 scene 7.Line 245)  This holy work will in fact not be holy but will rather entail unholy and irreligious dealings. The work will contain further plotting and this braces the audience for further manipulation. This device measures the extent to which Richard will go to change his character. It also reveals that Richard isnt the only character that utilizes appearance and reality in the play and this reflects the amount of manipulation contained within the play. Appearance and reality is a device that Shakespeare cleverly uses to keep the character Richard of Gloucester running throughout the play. It revitalizes his character and interest in him is always stimulated because of this. To an extent, Richard uses appearance and reality as a stepping stool for further dealings in the future. Richard, the anti-hero, uses his physical appearance as a driving force for evil traits and deceive4s others into thinking that it makes him weaker. His contrasting treatment of women perfectly illustrates how well he can adjust roles when required. He is the master of deception as his opening soliloquy proves. It is what is said in private that reveals to the audience what Richards true intentions are and it is what is said in public that reflect lies. Shakespeare makes this link early on so that Richards changing wont fool the audience. Shakespeare mirrors appearance and reality through the manipulation of religion to show the extent that Richard will go to obtain what he requires. Appearance and reality is important because it shows that Richard is a character of dual interpretations and Shakespeare makes sure Richard uses it continually so that his character continues to fuel interest for the audience. Appearance and reality is a vital tool in the play as it not only plays a huge part in shaping events in the play but it also reveals future events that are to take place.

The Bennets: Experts in the Field of Inter-Family Conflict Avoidance :: essays research papers

The Bennets: Experts in the Field of Inter-Family Conflict Avoidance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Father looks across the dinner table and kindly asks his darling wife to pass the dinner rolls while Suzie is lovingly telling about her second grade teacher’s neat handwriting. The linen tablecloth is firmly pressed and the home-cooked meal is thankfully devoured. The yellow-checkered dinner plates are freshly washed, and the smell of lilacs from the garden drifts through the sunlit dining room. Billy smiles at his mother as he asks her if he could please have some more of her â€Å"deliciously home grown asparagus.† Mother nods to Billy and passes him the serving dish. When the family has had their fill, Suzie volunteers to do the dishes and Billy habitually clears the table and brings each of his parents a glass of dessert wine. Mother and Father then proceed to enjoy their wine as they talk of Beethoven and Monet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a family without conflicts. Everybody dreams of one, nobody has one. It is impossible, and makes for a very unrealistic, and also a very boring, story. An imperfect family can be used in literature in order to make fiction believable and often more relative to the reader. By showing a character’s flaws, the author can add texture and depth to a story. Jane Austen definitely uses this idea in her famous novel: Pride and Prejudice. Not one of her characters is perfect. These flaws add drama to the plot in the same way that dressing adds flavor to a salad. The weaknesses of one character often foil the strengths of another: Lydia’s goofy foolishness has the affect of bringing out the sense and patience of Jane and Elizabeth. Mr. Wickham’s false personality and immoral behavior toward the Bennets proves Mr. Darcy’s truthfulness and emphasizes his kind and thoughtful personality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although faults often bring out the best in literature, a psychologist would suggest that the Bennets need some severe family counseling. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet should never have been married; they contradict the idea that opposites attract. Mr. Bennet had married because he was â€Å"captivated by youth and beauty, and [the] appearance of good humour which youth and beauty generally give†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (201) He married for the wrong reasons and suffers the consequences of his choice. Mrs. Bennet is described as an ignorant woman with weak understanding and an illiberal mind. Mr. Bennet is unhappy with the relationship as soon as the physical attraction wears off.

University of California diet test

University of California conducted an experimental diet test on three-day-old chicks to determine the % of iron consumed and excreted. The diet low in protein (5. 4%, 8. 5% or 10. 8%) or tryptophan (0. 12%) with adequate iron caused a certain percentage of reduction in growth and also resulted in anemia with the deficiency of protein or trypotophan whereas diet low in glycine (0. 33%) with adequate iron indicated reduction in growth and did not cause anemia.Malnutrition is a combination of medical and social disorder that is affecting one in every three persons resulting in chronic diseases and illnesses which includes all age groups of people. 70% of children in Asia, 26% in Africa and 4% in Latin America are affected with protein-energy malnutrition (WHO 2000). Complete eradication of malnutrition is possible with good systems of sanitation, abundant food supply, medical aid and self-employment programs to adequately support poor people financially to take good care of health of pa rents and particularly of children.Protein is a source of energy for living species and particularly according to RDA recommendation, every person must carry 0. 8 grams of protein for every kilogram of weight one weighs or 0. 36 grams per pound one weighs. Proteins contain twenty amino acids out of which nine are important which are necessarily must be available in food/diet. Conclusion Protein calculation should be according to the age, physical activity and exhaustion (burn) of calories. E. g. egetarian male 25-50 yrs requires 2900 calories/day. Protein need is 79 kg x 1gm of protein per kg = 79gms of protein per day. Although meat is rich in protein vegetarian diet is available in various forms viz. ,green leafy vegetables, pulses, nuts, milk, bread, rice, tofu, soya milk and butter. Vegetarian diet is easily digestible, quick in conversion to protein-energy whereas non-vegetarian is a hard-diet and it requires repetitive check to keep the meat healthy and edible for cooking.

Comparing and Contrasting

Compare and contrast the way the poets present a rustic activity? The two poems ‘Photograph of Haymaker 1890’ by Molly Holden and ‘Hay-making’ by Gillian Clarke portray rustic activity in a similar way. The poem ‘Photograph of Haymaker 1890’ consists of two stanzas and this could be linked to the fact that it is a reminiscing photo of a man who cuts hay. This shows the rustic activity due to the fact it is the poet possibly describing a relative of hers working. Whereas, the poem ‘Hay-making’ has three very short stanzas. We can link the short, fast flowing stanzas with the fact that the title seems synonymous with love making.The poet Molly Holden cleverly uses the imagery of life and death throughout her poem ‘Photograph of Haymaker’. An example being ‘to whet his scythe’ this conveys the message of death and an image of a grim reaper. Holden cleverly juxtaposes this with the phrase ‘white shirt lit by another summer’s sun’. Gillian Clarke also uses an intriguing juxtaposition, ‘these hot nights’. This juxtaposition shows a sultry image of natural passion. You could also link this to rustic activity if you imagine a worker possibly working in the night time. The tones of the two poems seem completely different from each other.Holden’s poem, ‘Photograph of Haymaker’ has a nostalgic tone ‘he pausing from his work†¦ trousers tied below the knee’. The phrases used give the connotation of the poet bringing back good memories. This is what photographs tend to do. Clarke uses enjambment as she does not use punctuations to break up the flow of her poem and this adds to the dreary tone. Towards the end of the poem we see more evidence of rustic activity. The poet Molly Holden uses enjambment throughout the last stanza, ‘sweet hay and gone some seventy years ago and yet they stand before me in the sun’.This en jambment gives the image of hay possibly falling down. We can link this to rustic activity if we create an image in our head of hay falling down in a country farm. Gillian Clarke’s poem has an interesting caesura before the word ‘Breathe’, this can be seen as a command possibly suggesting how the ritual of harvesting is metaphorically inspirational. Another important phrase which is strongly linked to rustic activity is, ‘in the scratch of the hay’. The ‘scratch’ of the hay creates a physical link between rural nature of a farm for instance and the act of human love making. We can also say that this is onomatopoeia.

Organizational Behaviour Concepts

Organizational Behaviour Concepts Introduction The main or major purpose of this research is to help students determine various concepts relating to organizational behavior in the leadership field. In addition, it will help them develop and extend their ability to critically apply the concepts gained so far in the real life situations, especially when they work in different work places. It is equally necessary for students and various scholars to learn such skills of leadership because commonly, they are faced with new challenges especially in work places.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behaviour Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having learned these skills, they can professionally tackle different situations which leaders face each and every day. Such situations include meeting customers and clients, workmates and most importantly, their seniors in organization at personal levels. In the end, this will result in improved perf ormance in the organization. In my adventure from college, I happened to visit Brookside Dairy Limited Company in Nairobi city in Kenya. The companys main goal is to raise the living standards of the population sector and also improve the lives of most of the small scale farmers in the region. The history of dairy industry in Kenya began in the year 1992. It was then when the first dairy cows were brought by European settlers. The first creamery had been founded in Naivasha which later opened several other branches in different parts of the country. The Brookside firm in Nairobi happens to be one of the branches that were founded at that time. I managed to meet Elisha Chumo, one of the managers in the industry together with the Daily Field Extension team. She suggested various ways in which they embraced help to farmers so as to increase milk production. The approaches advanced by her are the following. First, it is necessary to ensure that there is an available market to provide wi th milk. It means that customers should be assured of constant and available market for milk. In this regard, strong linkages are built with the customers since they are the potential shareholders in the cooperative. The entire Brookside Company is currently in partnership with over eight hundred thousand small-scale dairy farmers. They sell their milk throughout East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and even in the Middle East. Second, the cooperation should organize seminars. This is done to ensure the education of the parties involved in order to allow the farmers to be aware of new ways to increase milk production. In addition, the industry organizes regular seminars in the field training, meetings which are held countrywide to educate the workers on animal health, feeding, disease control, among others. These all are central points in animal husbandry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get yo ur first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third point is to offer credit and loan facilities. Brookside Daily has negotiated with Kenya Commercial Bank to provide loans to its potential shareholders at very low interest rates. This should encourage them to invest more into the dairy cooperative so as to expand their business in a long run. The company also offers its suppliers prompt payments for the milk delivered. It also has a grass root of many milk collection centers and cooling facilities which are well established with little wastage, such as the Oleguruone cooling plant, which supports over ten thousand farmers. Community development is another contribution of Brookside Daily Limited Company to the society. It pays the community back through supporting many communal projects aimed at improving living standards of people, such as repairing roads, cattle dips and church buildings. The company also employs farmers who are interested in joining the industry. For instance, the organization is not only a committed partner but also a faithful one ready to become a world class company through developing the mutual relationships with both the customers and the other parties involved. For my survey on the Nairobi Milk Processing Limited, I have discussed some burning issues in the industry with Chumo who has helped me come up with various characteristics of true leaders. The interview with Chumo took around five hours. The qualities of good leadership which I determined during the interview are consistent with the contingency theories. Contingency theories are classes of behavioral theories which are considered to be depended on both internal and external situations as they require the leader to meet the situation in order to develop a successful leadership behavior (Nelson Cooper, 2007, p. 426). Woodward (1958, p. 57) argues that the contingency theories come up with generalizations concerning structures which are associated with good use of d ifferent terminologies. Morgan (2007, p. 243) describes ideas that underlie contingency. He says that there are no better ways of organizing companies since they have open systems which require close management to balance their work. Moreover, to meet internal needs, the management should focus on achieving various organizational goals and several types of organizations that are required in different environments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behaviour Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regard to Northouse (2004, p. 218), the model represents the relationship between style and favorableness of situation provided by leader-member relationship, high degree of task structure, and high leaders position obtained through right authority. On the same note, Lawrence Lorsch (1967, p. 113), describe contingency theory as the best way to organize corporation. The main idea of this theory is based o n the nature of environment in which organizations operate. Their ideas are also in line with ideas of people like Woodward (1965, p. 68) and Thompson (1967, p 89). After my interrogation with Chumo, I came up with the following theories which support the contingency theories. They helped me come up with the qualities of good leadership. They include; great man theory, trait theory, contingency theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, participative theory, management theory and relationship theory. These theories are discussed below. Great man Theory The theory suggests that good leaders are born and not made consequently the leadership skills are inherent. The theory portrays heroic, mythic and destined qualities hence the name of a great man. It is characterized by qualities such as having good member relations and task structure. For instance, one considers whether we have more than one solution to a problem or absorbing the problem. In this regard, the leader’s posi tion power is to punish the group members accordingly. The more the power the leader has, the more favorable the situation is (Caroselli, 2000, p. 140). He also talks about leader orientation which should be more than seventy three percent. Leaders should use their good relations with the group so as to ensure that the obligations are met. On the other hand, if workers tend to underperform, managers should try to seek approvals from the senior supervisors and thereby control the situation. They should also reduce anxiety and tension among the group members and know how they control challenging situations to make them perform better (Darzi, 2008, p. 290). They are task oriented in the sense that they get the work assigned seriouslyo and pay little attention to personal relations through the moderate control situations, high control situations and also in low control situations. Fielder therefore found that the contingency leadership skills are build upon the orientation of a leader a nd favorableness of the situation. Friedman’s theory was also supplemented by Abraham Lincoln and Julius Caesar who also supported the argument that good leaders are born and not made.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This theory became very famous in the nineteenth century. According to Chandler (1962, p. 148), effective leaders are those gifted with divine inspiration and the right traits. However, Mintzberg (1967, p. 202) argued that leaders are society products and differ in respect to the society they live in. He quoted that: One must admit that the genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences and that they have produced the race where that person lives and appears, the social state into which the race has grown slowly so that before that fellow remarks on the society, the society alone must make him (Mintzberg (1967, p. 202) Trait Theories and the Path theory This theory assumes that people inherit some traits from other people that make them suited to leadership. The theory draws a relationship between behavioral and personal characteristics that are innate to all leaders. In the scientific study, leadership emphasizes leadership effectiveness. The principles beh ind the trait theory was that, potential leaders are born rather molded and hence this assumption led to the name â€Å"great man theory† together with all ideas behind this theory. Many leadership studies based on this theoretical framework were conducted in the nineteen thirties, nineteen forties through the nineteen fifties (Darzi, 2008, p. 103). These studies focused on the relationship between individual traits and measures of effective leadership. Physical, social and mental features such as height, personality and intelligence respectively, were all empirical variables of research. However, Stogdill (1948, p. 243) concludes that current research by then had not emphasized enough on the utility of the trait approach. On the other hand, the Path-Goal theory suggests that, followers should be encouraged by leaders so as to achieve identified goals. It points out that effective leaders should be able to guide and motivate their followers if at all they are to achieve their goals (Francis Yammarino, 2009, p. 222). The path-goal theory assumes that followers are capable of attaining their goals that are high performance and desired results, if at all their leaders focus on motivating them in their daily assignments. Contingency Theories Woodward (1965, p. 267), focuses on some given variables that are related to the environment and they can determine a particular style of leadership that is most suitable at a particular time. Ideally, no leadership skill is suitable in all situations. Therefore, leadership styles, qualities of followers and other aspects of the organization are what determines how successful a leader can be. Contingency theories became famous in the late nineteen sixties and nineteen seventies. Among the commonly known contingency theories are situational leadership theory, the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision-making model of leadership, Fiedlers contingency theory, path-goal theory and the Fiedlers contingency theory. The situational leader ship theory was the first one to clarify on how situational factors and effective leadership are related. â€Å"In this theory, favorability of the situation determines the effectiveness of task and person-oriented leader behavior† (Leadership Theories and Studies 2012). In his research Fiedler argues that given both extremes of situations, task-oriented leaders will be more effective. However, the person-oriented leaders were considered to have much effective potential in moderate situations. It follows that leader behavior should minimize or remove obstacles for junior workers’ goals accomplishment, encourage them and motivate them and in turn improve their performance. Situational leadership theory was criticize from both, methodological and theoretical perspectives. Despite these criticisms, it is still the most preferred contingency theory of leadership. This is because it offers meaningful views on the relationship between leadership styles and subordinate abilit y. Situational Theories These theories explain how leaders make the best decisions while considering all aspects that surround them. They therefore employ certain styles for better decision making. Situational theory suggests that leadership advocates for more than one style and it is task oriented. Most importantly, leaders who hold the leadership styles to maturity are the most successful. Francis Yammarino (2009, p. 267), characterized situation theory by telling that the leader explains the roles of the individual or group by giving directions on how, where, what, why and when a certain task will be done. Selling, in this case a leader gives guidance by first communications before giving socio-emotional support. This allows and influences both independent individuals and those on group levels to buying the ideas of the leader. (Caroselli, 2000, p. 162); Participating, here decision-making is shared on aspects of how the task is accomplished and the leader provides less task beha viors; Delegating, this is whereby the leader remains in decision making process but the process and responsibility are all up to individuals or group members; Problem recognition, this is the extent to which individuals recognize problems when facing them. According to Grunig Hunt (1984, p. 149), people do not stop thinking about situations until they realize what exactly is supposed to be done to improve the situation and lastly, constraint recognition, it is the extent to which individuals examine their behaviors while considering the limiting factors usually those that are beyond their control. Others include, level of involvement, information seeking and information processing (Kumar, 2001, p. 89) Behavioral Theories This is rooted in behaviorism and suggests that good leaders are made and not born. The theory focuses on actions of leaders and not on the mental qualifications. Therefore, through teaching and observation, one can learn to be a good leader. In the earlier ninete en fifties, due to disenchantment the focus changed to behavioral traits of leadership (Reddy, 2004, p. 93). Following the studies that took place in the late nineteen forties and nineteen fifties, the following were taken into account: consideration and initiating structure were the two factors to be considered most in determining the leadership skills. It concurs with principles of trait theory in that combining the natural aspect of leaders and what they seem to integrate with what they encompass in every aspects of leadership. The major appeal of behavioral theory assumes that if we have the leadership knowledge, and then it will be possible to teach others (Maurik 2001, p. 199 Northouse, 2004, p. 158). Ivan Pavlov also includes the following theories: aggression Biological Theory verses Behaviorist and spiritual energy, its promotional aspects include Individualized Consideration Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational Motivation and Idealized Influence Participate Theories a nd Relationship Theories Good leadership is one that puts into practice other leadership styles. This makes other group members feel more relevant and get committed to decision making process. In this theory of participation, leaders should accommodate other peoples’ views. Transformational theories which are also referred to as relationship theories focus on the relationship between followers and their leaders. They inspire and motivate people on importance of good work through helping them. These leaders are not only concerned with group members but also, the individual members to meet their obligations. Fulop Linstead (1998, p. 98), consider the following concepts in management learning and knowledge which are also related to good leadership skills that should be possessed by a leader. Some of them include gender management and control. They suggest that a qualified leader should consider both men and women in their workplaces so that each of them is given an equal opport unity when it comes to promotion and work allocation. In addition, management should treat different cultures with equal weights; management sustainability, the power of politics in an organization, organizational control, management ethnicity as proposed by Robin Stanley Snell (1945, p 130). This is the management learning and knowledge strategies alternatively the core concepts in management. Management theories and servant leadership theories They are also referred to as transactional theories and their main emphasis is on the role and importance of organization, supervision and group performance. Employees are reprimanded or rewarded in respect to their performance in the organization. The servant theory suggests that leaders should put themselves in their servants shoes in order for them to have a vivid anticipation of what they expect of their followers. The theory of servant leadership therefore plays a critical role in leadership circles. However, it is hard to explain the t heory because of a number of values that a good leader should posses. Transformational leadership theory In the nineteenth seventies, a number of leadership theories emerged. The theories emphasised on the significance of charisma in effective leadership. In addition, they explain how leaders can handle challenging tasks facing their organization that is by forming successful company against incredible challenges. The theories also focus on the significance of leaders stirring subordinates appreciation, enthusiasm, and unquestioned allegiance through articulating a lucid and persuasive vision (Reddy, 2004, p. 107). Moreover, the theory describes that leadership is the process through which one connect with others which results into an increased motivation and morality from both followers and leaders (Wolinski 2010). It is connected to the theory of charismatic leadership that postulates that leaders with unique qualities such as extroversion, confidence and clearly stated values are the most suitable for motivating followers (Wolinski 2010). The main aspect of the transformational leadership so far is that the leader should address the needs of the followers so as to help them achieve their desired results. Servant Leadership Theories These theories in their philosophy argue that leaders should be servants. First of all, they should put their interests behind those of their followers, customers and even the community at large in order to realise effectiveness of their leadership (Beyrem, 1998, p. 216). Some of their features include stewardship, empathy and commitment. Secondly, we have the management processes which include motivation and learning in that workers must be trained so that they are aware of any changes within the organization to discover new ways of doing things by continuously being taken to the field and organizing for motivational talks at given set interval, leadership and learning in that a good leader keeps on learning each and every new d ay on various issues such as mistakes committed by workers so as to avoid them next time they are faced with similar challenges (Stogdill, 1948, p. 145), formation of management teams to lead other people from below, management of conflict and negotiation as per Stephen Linstead, Jonathan Gosling, Liz Fulop, Anne-Marie Greene and David S. Richards, formation of management change as per Alison Pullen, decision making in organization, management strategically by Bobby Baneriee, Michael Brone and Stephen Linsted and also forming the inter-organizational networking to help the leader assess their performance through either within and outside the organization. It is from the above theories together with the study of Brookside Company that I came up with the following leadership skills. Vision: Leaders should have a vision and at the same time have a different perspective on how they view things. Secondly, being wise; being wise is knowing something about everything unlike knowing everyth ing about something therefore, for one to be a good leader, he/she should make critical decisions at the right time within the organization. This knowledge is crucial for any organization to succeed. Thirdly, is being passionate in nature. Leaders should be passionate people in the sense that they see where and what they are obsessed with. Such thing could be project in the business, sports or a hobby. This in turn helps them to remain focused in any decision and when dealing with delicate operations. Fourthly, is to have compassion for their supporters and employees by having great coaching and development skills. In addition to this, leaders should also know people who care about them. In this regard, they therefore cease to be selfish and diversify their thinking. In addition, leaders should be charismatic. Good leaders are like traps who charm followers and tend them close because of their personable characters. They are also quick in networking especially building relationships and ensuring high performance. Such fellows have the X-factor characteristic. Moreover, good leaders should communicate. Finally, leaders need to be good communicators and motivators who can inspire their followers when addressing them. Good leaders should also be persistent. This means they are supposed to be determined in making up to their goals. They should understand that reaching up to their goals would be hard but they persist until they get what they desire. Intelligence is another characteristic of a good leader. Good leaders mean what they speak and promise. They are also regarded as people who keep their promises and avoid unconvincing others. People find them reliable, trustworthy and other go as far as making them their role models. A good leader should also be daring. Winston Churchill argues that, courage is the critical feature among all other aspects that lie in an organization. Good leaders chase after their dreams without despair. Despite that fears are real; dar ing leaders should face them regardless of their challenges. Lastly, good leaders should be disciplined and have control in regard to their goals. When others lose control, good leaders should focus on disciplining their minds to keep them on track regardless of what they are facing. Conclusion Considering the company’s performance from the time it started up to date, I can comfortably conclude that surely a leader with such skills will automatically succeed in terms of leadership and performance. Chumo, one of the senior managers of Brookside Company developed these skills through learning and practice. It is these skills that Chumo and other managers in the company posses that make the company perform outstandingly well. Moreover, it is in line with the contingency theories of a good leadership. Through having all the above discussed characteristics of good leadership, the entire organization could perform better while workers being at piece, having good communication strat egy so as to enhance even departmental help and coordination (Perrow, 1967, p. 293). Working without being pressurized people will be able to complete the tasks given in time and therefore efficiency in service, produce delivery (Darzi, 2008, p. 123). Regarding the Milk production in Nairobi, all the above characteristics and theories w include: great man theory trait theory, contingency theories situational theory, behavioural theory participate theories management theory, relationship theory transformational leadership theory servant leadership all are well and effectively applied and that clearly gives the evidence of the outstanding performance of the Brookside Limited Company. In most theories, leadership is taken to be a benchmark in several ways which include the following: a combination of traits, personality characteristics or leadership as a process. In many theories, there exists a belief that leadership is determined by a group of followers towards the realization of obj ectives of the organization. In my opinion, leadership is averse and a complex process as opposed to what currently writers write that oversimplifies that process. References Beyrem, FL 1998, Managerial Concepts, Gardner Publishers, New York. Caroselli, M (2000, Leadership Skills for Managers, McGraw-Hill, Professional Florida. Chandler Jr., AD 1962, Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the American industrial enterprise, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Darzi, NA 2008, Organisational Behaviour, Atlantic Publisher, New Delhi. Francis J Yammarino, FD 2009, Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership, Emerald Group Publishing, Illnois. Kumar, RM 2001, Organisational Behaviour, Anmol Publications, New Delhi. Lawrence, PR Lorsch, JW 1967, Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Maurik, JV 2001, Writers on Leadership, Penguin, London. Mintzberg, H 1979, The Structuring of Organizations, Prentice-Ha ll, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. Morgan, G 2007, Images of organization, Sage Thousand, Oaks. Nelson, DL Cooper, CL 2007, Positive Organizational Behavior, Sage, London. Northouse, PG 2004. Leadership: Theory and practice, 3rd edn, Sage, London. Perrow, Ch 1967, A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organizations, American Sociological Review, vol. 32, no. 2, pp.194–208. Reddy, JP 2004, Organisational behaviour, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Leadership Theories and Studies 2012, in Advameg (ed.), Reference for Business: Encyclopedia of Small Business. Web. Stogdill, R 1948, Behavioural Leadership Skills, Adventure Works Press, Chicago. Thompson, D 1967, Organizations in Action, McGraw-Hill, New York. Wolinski, S 2010, Leadership Theories. Web. Woodward, H 1958, Management and Technology, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. Woodward, J 1965, Industrial organization: Theory and practice, Oxford University Press, New York.

The Use Of Internet In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Use Of Internet In Business - Essay Example This eliminates the use of intermediaries in business transactions. It provides a channel for consumers to interact directly with business owners through the internet.Consumer to consumer electronic commerce (C2C)This is where business transactions are done directly between consumers. An –example of popular sites that are used for these transactions includes ‘bdizcom’, ‘craigslist’ and ‘ebid’ among others.E-GovernmentIt is a process whereby ICT is used in the sharing of information amongst different parties. It is advantageous because it helps to fasten paper-based processes and to improve the relationship between citizens and the government.Mobile commerceThis is the use of wireless devices to perform business transactions. It is considered a success when benefits are realized by its users. Electronic and mobile commerce is largely used in fields like manufacturing, marketing and investment amongst others. It exhibits the following advan tages; it reduces costs since it is cheaper than other source used in marketing or promoting a business. Secondly, it increases accuracy in business activities because it does not provide room for mistakes, and lastly, it provides a universal reach. For business, enterprises to have electric commerce they should have a web server hardware platform that is complete with appropriate software. There also exists electronic payment systems that are used to enhance businesses transactions by companies.

Strategy in the Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategy in the Organization - Essay Example In the approach, the biological evolution’s law of the jungle is substituted by the market discipline. Another approach based on the business processes has emphasis on the stickiness and imperfection of human life. The strategy pragmatically accommodates strategies for the fallible processes, both for the markets and organizations. The final view is the systemic approach, which is in essence relativistic. The approach regards the means and ends of strategy as being inescapably connected with the powers and cultures of the social systems in the local setting where the strategy is implemented. The four strategic approaches, according to Whittington (2000), have fundamental differences emerging along two distinct dimensions. The first dimension is based on the outcomes of the strategy while the second dimension is based on the processes by which the strategies are made. In a nutshell, the two dimensions examine the purpose of the strategy and the processes involved in the impleme ntation of the strategy respectively. In the assumptions by evolutionary and classical approaches, the maximization of profits is viewed as the intended outcome of implementing a strategy. On the other hand, the processual and systemic approaches project a more pluralistic approach, viewing other outcomes that are possible from a strategy as much as the profits. Regarding processes, differences arise in the pairings. On the same front are the processualist and evolutionary approaches which view strategy as coming from processes arising by chance, conservatism and confusion. Similarly, theorists of systemic and classical approaches have converging views that strategy can be deliberate despite their differences over the outcomes from the two strategies. Taking a closer look at each of the four strategic approaches, the classical approach contains the textbook answers. This means, it views strategy as a process that is rational. It should, therefore, involve deliberate calculations and analyses strategically intended to maximize on the long-term advantage. In the classical approach, deliberate effort is made in the gathering of information and in the application of the most suitable techniques. In this view, both the organization and its environment are made plastic and predictable, shaped by the organization’s top management using carefully formulated plans. The classical approach relies on good planning in the mastering of the internal and external business environments. Success and failure in the long-run, is determined by the objective decision making and the rational analysis employed in the classical approach (Armstrong, 1991). On another strategic front, the evolutionary approach view the future-oriented planning adopted by the classical approach as irrelevant. According to the approach, the business environment is very unpredictable and implacable to anticipate anything effectively. According to the approach, the hostile, dynamic and competitive na ture of the markets means that it is not possible for organizations to plan for their long-term survival. In essence, only the firms that strategize to maximize on their profits will eventually survive the harsh environment. The businesses are likened to the species in biological evolution where the fittest organisms for survival are ruthlessly selected through competitive processes. The unfit organisms have little power to adopt to change quickly enough and therefore cascade towards extinction.

Fixing the immigration system (international student and tourism) Essay

Fixing the immigration system (international student and tourism) - Essay Example In essence, it is an eye opener to the kind of losses that the American government would face in the event that they continue to lose such students to other countries by imposing stringent restrictions on acquisition of visas. This is actually a very critical source since it fits well in the research on fixing the immigration system by providing information on the fiscal relevance of international students. "Nolo.com."Â  Students and Tourists Affected by New Visa Rules and Procedures - Legal Updates - Nolo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. . Nolo.com gives an insight on how tourists and students have been affected by the recent fresh visa procedures and rules. This website claims that if one is a tourist or an international student in need of a visa to study in America, chances are that one will have to undergo through intense questioning and scrutiny, as part of a security measure that the American government has taken to ensure that its airline operations remain secure. Furthermore, it explores on the SEVIS system which is a database which schools normally enter the student information. Through this, the USCIS can access information on a student without the knowledge of the student. This puts a lot of pressure on foreign students. Such stringent measures and delaying tactics of issuing visas to tourists and international students tend to discourage most foreigners from opting to go to the U.S. Thus, the website gives useful information to the research on fixing the immigration system by giving details on how such rest rictions discourage most people from considering going to America to visit the country or conduct their studies. Bedard, Paul. "U.S. Tourisms Lost Decade Cost Some 500,000 Jobs."Â  US News.U.S.News& World Report, 10 Nov. 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.

Culture of Dissent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture of Dissent - Essay Example Muto Ichiyo is well known in Japan as a scholar of contemporary Japanese politics and society, and for his involvement in peace movements and people’s movements. He was a prominent member of the 1960s anti-Vietnam War movement.Ichigo begins his article, â€Å"Asian Peace Movements and Empire† with a summary of events beginning in Oct. 2001 and the establishment of the Asian Peace Alliance. As part of that network, it was hoped to create a response to the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan that was representative of all Asian people. Ichigo goes into more detail about Asia’s own problems: the nuclear confrontation between Indian and Pakistan, fundamentalist fighting in India, and human rights violations among others. But in analyzing the conference on Asian Peace he acknowledges that 40% of the discussion revolved around â€Å"the American War†, with the majority of participants concluding that the ensuing violence against civilians had nothing to do with the wis hes of the American populace, but was rather the imperialists justifying a global pacification scheme. He uses the term neoliberal globalization and states the war was integral to that process, and as a result, it â€Å"wreaked havoc† on the world.One of the most forceful voices in clarifying what all of these writers are saying is that of Arundhati Roy in â€Å"The Algebra of Infinite Justice†. Infinite Justice was originally the name for Operation Enduring Freedom until complaints were made by Muslims, who stated only Allah could mete out infinite justice.

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Empowerment can be defined in general as the capacity of individuals, groups and/or communities gain control of their circumstances and achieve their own goals, thereby being able to work towards helping themselves and others to maximise the quality of their lives. In health and social care empowerment means patients, carers and service users exercising choice and taking control of their lives. It is not that one is empowered means he or she become all powerful like God. Even if we are empowered still we have limitation. Actual meaning of empowerment is that one feels that he or she able and feels powerful enough in certain situations to take part in decision making. I also will explain how politics played a part in disempowering women in health and social care services. It is a greatest challenge in health and social care to achieve progress with the empowerment of carers and people who receive services. Beginnings of twentieth century women were disempowered because of politics played a part. Emancipation is a commonly used word in other western European countries to refer to what in the UK mean by empowerment. The word emancipation has is useful because it has overtones of the struggle for votes for women in Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century, so it reminds us that empowerment  Ã‚  in the health and social services has a political aspect. When carers and people who use services experience being disempowered and excluded, this is a form of political disenfranchisement. In other words, it is as though they have no vote and are not treated as full members of society. In contrast, when people become empowered, they can exercise choices and have the possibility of maximising their potential and living full and active lives.   There is a tension between enabling people to take control of their lives and recognising that workers may need to intervene and take control sometimes, in order to protect other people. This applies to both empowerment and advocacy. Empowerment for people with learning disabilities is the process by which they develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This will help them achieve goals and aspirations, maximising their quality of life. A key feature in empowering people is giving them a voice and actively listening to what they have to say. Empowerment is, therefore, closely linked to the concept of advocacy. Empowerment in learning disability can be described as a social process, whereby people who are considered as belonging to a stigmatised social group can be assisted to develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This increased control will help them to achieve their goals and aspirations and thus potentially maximise the quality of their lives. The concept has connections with assertiveness and independence and is clearly linked to the various forms of advocacy. When considering the current climate it is somewhat an indictment on our times that the Government sees the need to name the White Paper regarding its vision for learning disability services as Valuing People. The title alone inversely suggests that as a society we are not valuing people. The content presents the evidence on levels of exclusion, disempowerment and lack of valued social roles facing those with a learning disability and how services should be planned to address this. (A similar Scottish Executive Review of Learning Disability has the title The Same As You.) For the individual with a learning disability, the subjective experience of empowerment is about rights, choice and control which can lead them to a more autonomous lifestyle. For the professional, it is about anti-oppressive practice, balancing rights and responsibilities and supporting choice and empowerment whilst maintaining safe and ethical practice. Education is often seen as the main engine of empowerment, equality and rights of access. Thus, as a group, people with a learning disability can be at a particular disadvantage. They may have to be enabled and supported to perhaps overcome social obstacles and can be dependent on others to make important information accessible to them, assist them with advocacy and help safeguard their rights. A key feature in empowering individuals is giving them a voice and then listening actively to what they have got to say. Person Centred Planning with its focus on placing the individual at the centre of the process and using techniques to obtain meaningful participation can be a major contribution to finding out what people have got to say. Empowerment will bring along with it rights and responsibilities plus also potential risks for people. It is often the fear of physical risk which can inhibit empowerment processes for people who see themselves as responsible for vulnerable people. They may fear a blame culture if things go wrong. Surprisingly, as recently as 1998, the Social Services Inspectorate noted there were no systematic approaches for risk assessment and management in the field of learning disability. The Foundation for People with a Learning Disability set out to identify good practice in how to reconcile the tension between ensuring the safety of an individual with a learning disability and empowering them to enjoy a full life in the community. A report was produced called Empowerment and Protection (Alaszewski et al, 1999) which suggested that organisations needed to develop risk policies which embrace both protection and empowerment issues at the same point. The definition of risk should look at consequences and probability. Procedures should also include, from the start, the wishes and needs of the person who has the learning disability and involve them  throughout, including the decision making stage. Such comments about organisations developing appropriate risk strategies show that empowerment is not there just  as a concept for front line staff, but should penetrate the strategic planning levels. Valuing People states (Section 4.27) that people with a learning disability should be consulted for their views on services and these views utilised at a corporate planning level. In Mrs Ali case she is empowered by Muslim religious faith to take of her bed-bound husband although in contrast her care taker Jean believes that Mrs Ali should be empowered. This indicates religion also empower some people to take care vulnerable people.

Organizational Design At Microsoft Essay -- essays research papers

ntroduction The ongoing case study presented by Microsoft and the scrutiny of the Justice Department and Congress serves as an excellent departure point to establish the nature and premises of organizational theory and design since it allows for examination from both the viewpoint of the public and the economic aspects of the situation in which Microsoft finds itself. While issues of organizational structure and corporate policies as related to costs, revenue, profit and market structure are inherent in the study of any company or organization, it is important to recognize the unique aspects of Microsoft. Microsoft, undeniably, has a larger presence throughout the computer software industry and the users of its many products since its operating system defines, to a great degree, how work is done in the modern business world. With a company that has virtually always been in a "near-monopoly" situation such as Microsoft, it comes as no surprise that there are many who believe the company should be split into two (or more) independent organizations. However, that has little to do with the organizational design reality that actually is the Microsoft Corporation. Most companies grew out of their perpetual search for profit and how to make that profit grow bigger each year and Bill Gates and Microsoft are certainly no exception to that rule. In fact, they are the personification of the rule! Such a determined search for ever-increasing profits has resulted in large, vertically integrated organizations. But it is essential to keep in mind the fact that economic growth does not end in profit accumulation. In the case of the computer and software industry, growth came in the form of reliance on external economies, that is, keeping apace with the technological progress of other companies in the same industry rather than each company going its own way. Microcomputer companies that remain active to this day are the ones that view computers as open ended machines, ready to be upgraded and improved from time to time, at pace with the current technology advances. Again, Microsoft presents the definitive example of such a company. Organizational Design for the 21st Century Any business or business process has had to face a certain level of re-engineering or reconstruction in order to fit into the managerial revolution of the 1990s and the move into the 21st cent... ...loyees and grand plans for the future. For both start-up ventures and existing firms, entrepreneurship carried on in the pursuit of business opportunities spurs business expansion, technological progress, and wealth creation. The Connor Model would certainly verify that fundamental fact. In order to adequately plan for the future, especially in terms of making the appropriate organization design plans for the future, Microsoft has had to broaden its collective understanding of information and other aspects associated with non-bureaucratic organizational design in order to appropriately commit to the ideas Connor advocates. Clearly, the current changes in organizational environments, are disturbing the century-long domination of the bureaucratic organization but a company such as Microsoft has not had to deal with such hidebound "traditions." However, it is also important that it not allow itself to be "married to" the unique traditions and processes it has established. Considering the past performance and accomplishments of the company, regardless of decisions made by the government, it is likely Microsoft will continue to evolve in ways that assure its success

Cultural Relevance of Artwork Essay

The very spirit of an artwork remains in the time it was created. There is no better way to appreciate art than to understand its situational context, that is, the space and time of its creation. Works of art are like photographs taken in a particular time and place. In this paper we explore the situational context of three works of art: (1) Produced in the late seventeenth century, Wedding of Mary and Joseph is Peruvian painting; (2) Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando (1879) shows two young Parisian girls; and (3) Figure of a Mother Holding a Child, created in the nineteenth century by an unknown Lulua artist (See Appendix). All three pieces of art tell interesting, unique tales about their makers and the conditions of their times. What’s more, layers upon layers of human thought through different times and places of human history may be unearthed through this process of art appreciation. Our present understanding of historical societies and cultures must also influence the process of interpreting a work of art. After all, one scholar may consider a painting with the eyes of a sociologist in our time, while another may be a trained psychologist. Such designations did not exist before now. Regardless of how an artwork is interpreted and with what lens and in which frame it is looked through; works of art stay alive as we glean historical information through them. As the following section on Wedding of Mary and Joseph shows, it is possible to develop various interpretations about the time and place of an artist even if researched historical information is there to assist us in our interpretation. Wedding of Mary and Joseph Produced by an unknown artist, Wedding of Mary and Joseph is an oil painting on canvas, depicting the couple getting married before the high priest who is clothed in a â€Å"richly flower-patterned hooded mantle (â€Å"Wedding of Mary and Joseph†). † There are clergymen assisting the high priest. Joseph is carrying his staff which has flowers at the top. Moreover, both the bride and bridegroom have golden halos. Ann, the mother of Mary stands right behind the bride. By Ann’s side is a suitor of Mary who has been rejected by God’s command. The suitor is shown breaking his staff, which has not flowered like the staff of Joseph (â€Å"Wedding of Mary and Joseph†). The painting is enriched by â€Å"gold stamping,† which â€Å"unifies the composition (â€Å"Wedding of Mary and Joseph†). † There are Peruvian flowers scattered on the ground where Mary and Joseph stand. This transfers the scene of the Bible from the Holy Land to Peru (â€Å"Wedding of Mary and Joseph†). Furthermore, it describes an important movement in Peruvian art history by the name of Cusco School (Bennett). Indeed, this painting accompanies a very important period in Peruvian history. Spanish colonization had not only managed to transfer the Spanish Inquisition to the Spanish territories around the globe, but also brought European art into Peru (Bennett). The Spanish Inquisition had claimed many lives in Europe. In Peru, the Inquisition had centered on the discovery of people who were Jews by birth, but had claimed to have converted to Christianity. These people were suspected to have gone back from Catholicism to Judaism. Thus, the Peruvian Inquisition was about punishing the Jews or converted Catholics for apostasy (Lea). The Peruvian Inquisition had taken place in the seventeenth century. Seeing that the sociopolitical environment of Peru revolved around religious affairs at the time, it is not surprising that the Christian, Peruvian artists started a new art movement – the Cusco School – to create religious art in particular (Bennett). As a matter of fact, the Wedding of Mary and Joseph is a perfect example of Cusco art. The Cusco School happens to be the largest movement of art in the Peruvian art history. The movement was represented by â€Å"mestizo painters and sculptors who produced countless depictions of religious figures adorned in gold (Bennett). † The Spanish colonizers had used religious art to teach Christianity to the New World. Subsequently, the native artists of Peru had begun to meld European art with their local style and tradition (Bennett). So, while the figures of Mary and Joseph in the Peruvian painting reveal European, Christian influence on the Peruvian artist; the flowers and long tailed birds of Peru scattered on the ground show that the artist continues to love his land despite colonization. The golden halos of the bride and the bridegroom are, of course, the signature of the Cusco School. Hence, the painting, Wedding of Mary and Joseph, reveals itself as an excellent tool to understand the culture of Peru with respect to Spanish colonization. By discovering more about the conditions of the artist’s time, history of the Americas may also be studied in great depth. Moreover, this painting helps viewers to appreciate how artists are influenced by their environments and the times. Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando Produced in another place and time altogether, renowned Parisian painter, Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando (1879) shows two real girls, most probably between twelve and fifteen years of age, taking turns to perform their act at the circus (Mancoff). The facial and bodily expressions of the girls and their onlookers are open to any number of interpretations. One of the young girls is carrying balls around her chest while the other is communicating with the audience as part of her act. The girl who is communicating with the audience has a questioning, innocent expression on her face. The one who is carrying balls is possibly waiting for her turn to perform. She, too, is innocent and fresh in appearance as the other. However, she seems to be dwelling on her new experiences of semi-adulthood. Perhaps she is musing on the boys in her life – the young men who admire her very much. The audience depicted in the painting, behind the bodies of the two young girls, appears to consist of men alone after all. The men appear like judges, in their black coats, giving them the semblance of uniformed officers. Only one of the men has his face visible through the painting, and the face is hard enough for the girls to display their innocence in all its glory with the assumption that the counterpart of a harsh and doubtful attitude must be softness. Although the girl carrying the balls has her back turned toward the hard faced man, she knows that she too would have to perform. The expressions of the male and the females in Renoir’s Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando are rather similar to the expressions of the two sexes depicted in many of the artist’s works of the time. The woman is seen as the adored and innocent object that performs, even though the man is hard faced, perhaps weary of the work that he performs to fend for his family day after day. The woman is the amuser, the muse, and the object of entertainment to fend for. After all, she is beautiful (Norfleet). The only beautiful facet of the man is that he is strong – in Renoir’s paintings, at least. What is more, the man is always staring at the woman in Renoir’s works. He fondles her whenever he has the chance. The woman remains faithful to him – this is depicted through the innocence on her face. If she becomes unfaithful she knows that the hard faced man would discontinue supporting her. The French word for ‘thank you’ is merci, which, if used in English, perfectly describes the attitude of the woman in late nineteenth century Paris. Although Paris was one of the first places in the west where women were generally believed to have been liberated, Renoir’s painting reveals that the women were definitely not liberated through promiscuity or debauchery. Rather, the urban Parisian women in the late nineteenth century seem to have been given permission by their men to be out and about, entertaining them, while remaining faithful to their innocence as well as their marital vows (Norfleet). As the facial expression of the young girl carrying the balls in Renoir’s Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando reveals – women understood their position in Parisian society even as they were aware that men and women are equally dependent on each other. Then again, the painting remains open to numberless sociological interpretations. Figure of a Mother Holding a Child As our analysis of Renoir’s painting shows, it is possible to understand the situational context of a painting in any number of ways. Sociologists and historians may be more interested in discovering the history of society in a block of time. If psychoanalysts were to join in, there would be various intricacies of the human mind revealed through artworks. On that note, Figure of a Mother Holding a Child is a very interesting sculpture because there are multiple ways of understanding its import. On one hand, the sculpture is a perfect depiction of the pain of starvation that the African people have been experiencing for a long time, and that nobody outside of Africa has done anything consequential about – despite the fact that the entire world discusses it. On the other hand, it represents a ritual that the Lulua tribe of the Democratic Republic of Congo had practiced for its own survival (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). The sculpture is that of a skinny, African female with an infant in her arms. The woman’s head is larger than her body. The bone lines on her neck are particularly telling. Even so, the bone lines on her neck and the wrinkles on her face had actually been created by the artist to show that the Lulua peoples had used scarification to adorn their bodies (â€Å"Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo;† â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). Indeed, it is scarification that adorns the woman carrying the infant. Just the same the viewer is made to feel sorry for the woman and her child because they appear extremely poor. Made with wood and copper alloy, the woman in the sculpture has bulging eyes and a â€Å"pointed base (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). † According to the Brooklyn Museum, the base was most probably â€Å"thrust into a pot containing earth and various bishimba, or materials of mineral, plant, animal, or human origin endowed with protective powers (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). † In actuality, the sculpture had been created for a Lulua woman who had experienced difficulties in childbirth. The Lulua people believed that it was the evil spirit which interrupted the process of childbirth for women. So that the woman would attract the ancestral spirit of the Lulua tribe and get rid of the evil spirit, the artist gave her the sculpture to care for until delivery. The bulging eyes of the sculpture reveal that the woman is aware of the influence of the evil spirit that is stopping her from becoming a mother (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). The Lulua peoples had migrated from western Africa to the Democratic Republic of Congo during the eighteenth century. These people lived in â€Å"small regional chiefdoms,† and therefore formed closely knit communities (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). Because they were immigrants, they were rather concerned about their continuity. Moreover, the Lulua people believed that their sculptures had to be created for religious reasons (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). The Lulua artists who created sculptures such as the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child must have had faith that they were carrying out their moral duty toward their own people. Indeed, the religious values of the Lulua people were guarded by their art. Sculptures of females were quite popular among them, as these figures exemplified â€Å"the union of physical and moral beautify (â€Å"Figurative Sculpture†). † The Lulua people believed in equating proper behavior with physical beauty (â€Å"Figurative Sculpture†). It can be inferred that the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child and all other sculptures created for the same reason were reminders for the Lulua people that the human body cannot be separated from morality. This principle is clearly exemplified by the bond between mother and child. Conclusion We focused on the political conditions surrounding the artist of Wedding of Mary and Joseph. Societal context of Renoir’s painting, Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando, was explored with a brief overview of gender relations in 19th century Paris. This study may have been conducted with historical information gleaned through novels, too. Finally, the cultural context of Figure of a Mother Holding a Child was explored. Although this discussion was centered on political, societal and cultural contexts of three works of art, it was clarified as part of the discussion that an artwork may be appreciated in any number of ways. There are countless theories and innumerable stories about the history of mankind. What is more, every piece of artwork tells a tale about the space and time of its artist alone. The work lives on as students of art and historians delve into paintings over and again. Any number of assumptions could be made about the situational context of an artwork thus. Perhaps, therefore, it is reasonable to state that a work of art has as many minds as interpreters as the number of people that consider the artwork through the passage of time. Moreover, only assumptions can be made about the situational context of an artwork. History is best left to those that lived it. After all, we only make educated guesses about what people of the past lived through to gather useful information for our lives in the present. Works Cited Bennett, Caroline. â€Å"Art and Architecture. † Viva Travel Guides. 11 Nov 2008. . â€Å"Figurative Sculpture. † Central African Art. 11 Nov 2008. . â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child. † Brooklyn Museum Collections: African Art. 11 Nov 2008. . Lea, Henry C. â€Å"Inquisition in 17th Century Peru: Cases of Portuguese Judaizers. † Modern History Sourcebook. 11 Nov 2008. . â€Å"Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo. † For African Art. 2006. 11 Nov 2008. . Mancoff, Debra N. â€Å"Paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir. † How Stuff Works. 2008. 11 Nov 2008. .